Sexism In The Workplace Essay Example For Students

Sexism In The Workplace Essay Sexual orientation RolesChildren gain from their folks and society the origination offeminine and manly. Much about these originations isn't organic atall however social. The manner in which we will in general consider people and their genderroles in the public arena comprise the common worldview that impacts out reasoning. Riane Eisler calls attention to that the predominant worldview makes it hard for usto investigate appropriately the jobs of people in ancient times we have a culturalbias that we bring to the exertion and that hues our dynamic procedures. Sexism is the consequence of that predisposition forced by our procedure of cultural assimilation. Sexual orientation jobs in Western social orders have been changing quickly in recentyears, with the progressions made both by developmental changes in society,including monetary movements which have modified the manner in which individuals work and indeedwhich individuals fill in as an ever increasing number of ladies enter the workforce, and by perhapspressure brought to make changes as a result of the observation that the traditionalsocial structure was discriminatory. Sex relations are a piece of thesocialization process, the inception given the youthful by society, educating themcertain values and making in them certain personal conduct standards worthy totheir social jobs. These jobs have been in a condition of transition in Americansociety as of late, and people today can be viewed as having expandedtheir jobs in the public arena, with ladies entering once in the past male domains and menfinding better approaches to identify with and work in the nuclear family. At the point when I was growing up a lady was never known about having an occupation other thana teacher or sewer. Our(womens)job was to take careof the house. We had a major nursery out back from which we got mostof our vegetables†¦A garden is a ton of work you know†¦We additionally had tomake garments when there were none to be had(hand-me-downs)Gender can be characterized as a social personality comprising of the job aperson is to play on account of their sex. There is a decent variety in male andfemale jobs, making it difficult to characterize sexual orientation as far as tight male andfemale jobs. Sexual orientation is socially characterized, with critical contrasts fromculture to culture. These distinctions are concentrated by anthropologists toascertain the scope of practices that have created to characterize sexual orientation and on theforces at work in the formation of these jobs. The job of ladies in Americansociety was molded by strict perspectives and by the st ates of lifethat won through a lot of American history. The way of life of Europe andAmerica was put together for a considerable length of time with respect to a man centric framework in which exclusiveownership of the female by a given male was viewed as significant, with theresult that ladies were managed to the job of property with no voice in theirown destiny. The young lady kid was prepared from birth to fit the job anticipating her,and as long as pay were sufficient, ladies were moderately content:For Example, if as a byproduct of being a keeps an eye on property a lady receiveseconomic security, a full passionate life basing on spouse and children,and a chance to communicate her abilities in the administration of her home, shehas little reason for discontent. While this announcement is questionable in the manner it accept that ladies arenot disappointed under such conditions, unmistakably for the majority of historywomen were relied upon to be content with such a real existence and were prepared forthat reason. Plainly, conditions of family life have changed in the modernera. Industry has been removed from the home, and huge families are no longereconomically conceivable or socially wanted. The house is not, at this point the middle ofthe spouses life, and for the conventional wife there is just a narrowing ofinterests and opportunities for improvement: Increasingly, the lady findsherself without an occupation and with an unsuitable passionate life. Thechange in sex jobs that can be observed in the public eye is intently tied withchanges in the structure of the family. Changes in both family structure andsex jobs throughout the only remaining century have delivered the age we despite everything see today,and one of the issues with the cha nging job of ladies is the degree to whichsociety sees this is causing undesirable changes in the family, however it isjust as obvious that adjustments in the family have modified the jobs of ladies. Socialism In The American Education System EssayThose stuck in sexism, be that as it may, can't allow even the straightforward solicitation to ask whywomen are second rate. The explanation sexism exists at all is a direct result of anacculturation process which quietly makes it, and it is propagated to a limited extent forthat reason and furthermore in light of the fact that apparent changes in the jobs and status of womencreate a backfire dependent on dread of progress. Studies have demonstrated that indistinguishable resumes or academic articles arerated lower if the candidate is however to be a lady as opposed to a man: Manssuccess is bound to be credited to capacity and womans to karma. Whileadvances have been made in the course of the most recent decade, the test stays for the next,and as long as ladies establish little minorities in nontraditional employmentcontexts, generous impediments will remain. The ladies in the work environment mustwork harder to prevail than their male partners, and once they havesucceeded they need to manage the jealousy and nervousness this stirs. Ladies whodo not advance just affirm the generalization for others:The discernment remains that ladies cannot make it by conventionalstandards, or are less dedicated to doing as such. In either occasion, they donot appear to warrant a similar interest in preparing, assistance,and advancement open doors as their male partners. Women's activist scholars possess been requiring some energy for a change in thepolitical atmosphere. They need something other than more ladies in office and thepolitical field; they need another sort of political reasoning, one that empowerspeople as opposed to government and that tends to the issues that are ofimportance to men and women:If we can take out the bogus polarities and value the cutoff points andtrue capability of womens power, we will have the option to get together with menfollow or leadâ€in the new human legislative issues that must rise beyondreaction. This new human freedom will empower us to reclaim theday and the night, and utilize the valuable and restricted assets of ourearth and the boundless assets of our human money to raise new sorts ofhomes for everything we could ever want. . . The observation people in general has had on the job of people isoutdated and has been for quite a while, however open mentalities change gradually even inthe face of overpowering proof. Over 40 years back, anthropologistMargaret Mead noticed the manner in which the West had built up its idea of male andfemale:There has for quite some time been a propensity in Western human advancement of men to havea image of womanhood to which ladies hesitantly conformed,and for ladies to set expectations for man to which men adjustedeven all the more hesitantly. This has been a precise image of the way inwhich we have organized our general public, with ladies as managers of thehouse who demand that the man wipe their feet on the entryway tangle, and menas attendants of ladies in the house who demand that their wivesshould stay humbly inside. Today, individuals are far less ready to acknowledge these fake jobs evenreluctantly, and this incorporates the arrangement keeping ladies in the home and outof the open field. To have more ladies in office it is important to have morewomen run. As noted, open perspectives change more gradually than the truth of genderroles. They will keep on changing gradually as long as we proceed acculturatingchildren with the equivalent sexual generalizations that have so since quite a while ago won. It isnecessary that we address this issue from youth, with parentsdemonstrating an alternate perspective on sex and sexual jobs similarly as the school andchurch should take a section in killing the old generalizations for a morereasonable and evenhanded approach to see the two people. Business

Issues Management and Influencing Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Issues Management and Influencing Decisions. Answer: Presentation: The term firms key direction is an exceptionally mind boggling term comprising of a few factors that both in the classification of either outside or interior area of the business. What brings out greater multifaceted nature is the way that every one of these variables in concern communicate with one another, and this outcomes in a domain of loads of assurances, accessibility of various partners and causal vagueness as a portion of the viewpoints. There have existed administrative endeavors that are planned for applying pressure on the above powers and this has prompted the making of numerous models that are outfitted towards the presentation of key administration. As expressed above, there has been a great deal of testing in the assurance of the job or the quintessence of vital administration in spite of the numerous endeavors that have been made to clarify the equivalent. Numerous association has had a test I assurance of the authoritative essentials that they need to set up with the goal that the association can run its exercises well. The issue is that numerous endeavors by the researchers have not been In a situation to bring to the consideration of the vast majority of the association deals with the methodology they should follow when playing out their assignments and the advancement of a key administration job, not overlooking the job of observing the earth also. This exploration is equipped towards, recognizable proof and seeing all the powers that are critical or have an impact in an association situation, both inside and remotely. This additionally clarifies how the powers wind up molding the association. The nuts and bolts of these examination depend on the issue the executives approach which is worried about knowledge, structure, decision, usage, input as the model of dynamic. A few models were created to help take care of the issue of vital administration. The insight model credited to Herbert Simon and his kindred scientists was the best since it caught numerous different segments other than outer and the interior condition. Not at all like different models that lone considered the majoring their contention on the time that ought to be spent on the plan and decision periods of dynamic, the Herbert Simon bunch approach secured the various segments like the knowledge, structure, decision, execution, and criticism model. The discoveries were as per the following In numerous associations, most of the supervisors considered yielding more often than not on the plan of the issues the executives and dynamic procedures as opposed to considering different components like usage process. There is a requirement for key speculation for each association as a method of acknowledging suppositions, recognizing signals and grouping them and last age and testing of theories. The ramifications of the key discoveries One of the key discoveries was there was a requirement for a key reasoning. As indicated by Ansoff, today, the degree of bringing a change is in a condition that the authority and the perceived strategies utilized for arranging appear to be not, at this point enough to react to future disturbance in time. This is because of elevated level of improved innovation that has likewise affected the financial world as well. Another explanation behind moderate change execution is the expanding number of partner that are engaged with sorted out exercises in various manners. These suggestions are apparent with regards to corporate and social obligations concerning the nature and the requirement for a business. The absence of considering the vital speculation by a portion of the association has added to the disappointment of some association that is acceptable at hope of political weights as indicated by Ansoff. Vital reasoning helps directors in: Understanding the best outside condition that favors the association. Become acquainted with the fortifications and the points or the set objectives of an association. Be in connection to acknowledge new chances and consider how to utilize them. Highlight the a wide range of methods of concocting arrangements or techniques. Another ramifications is that the association drove by the administrators ought to consider all the procedures that must be included for a total IM. This, thusly, calls for key arranging. Goodstein characterized arranging as that movement that is finished pointing the imagining and the creating of the significant methods that and exercises that a given association uses to accomplish their set goals. Poor issue the executives exercises suggest that the association has no manners by which it can distinguish and address completely any rising issue or an open door too. This additionally infers its the job of the administrator to rehearse key reasoning that is a blend of inventiveness and explanatory capacities and these wind up bringing about great key arranging. Suggestions In the event that an association need to accomplish key administration, they should consider utilizing coordinated arranging framework model that empowers the joining of both administration and vital planning.(manading vital issues in fierce condition , 2000)Moreover, one of the key necessities is to make legitimate ability in uncovering and working with mental models. This is easily said at this point not so much easily capable. In the two individuals just as affiliations, they are significantly settled in the unaware and program plans that have been made over various years. Under for the most part peaceful business conditions, where change is moderate and more formative than dynamic, one can battle that SIMS isn't as basic and that the current mental models likely could be adequate for the task. Ends Its obvious that the administration issues have developed to centrality levels. (Ansoff H, 1980)Now the fundamental elements of arranging, observing, and investigation are being recognized as the basic pieces of key administration. A decent administration ought to consider giving a decent casing work to make viable issues the executives conceivable. References Ansoff H, I. (1980). key issues the executives. vital administration, 131-148. Hayes, M. (1985) Developing Managers for vital Management, in W. D. Guth (ed.), Handbook of Business Strategy, Boston, MA: Warren, Gorham Lamont, ch. XXV. Heath, R. L. furthermore, Associates (1988) Strategic Issues Management, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Hing, A. (1990) Issues Management and Influencing Decisions, Practicing Manager, 11(1):4244. Hogarth, R. M. (1987) Judgment and Choice (second end). New York: John Wiley and Sons. Huber, G. P. (1991) Organizational Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures, Organization Science 2(1): 88115. Overseeing vital issues in the tempestuous condition. (2000). long range arranging, 67.

Employment and Human Resource Management Essay

Characterize â€Å"beautyism† and its potential biased consequences for recruiting in the working environment. â€Å"Beautyism† is giving an individual inclination or employing somebody because of their outward magnificence. Some examination has proposed that individuals who are ostensibly excellent get recruited quicker, get paid more, and get better treatment in life by and large, getting more fruitful than others. While this might be consistent with a degree, I do accept that the inverse is additionally obvious, appealing individuals are over-looked because of their outward appearance and are paid attention to less in any event, when qualified or more qualified than another up-and-comer. This isn't to make reference to that life brings difficulties, damages, and un-merriments, paying little mind to how an individual looks. So we can't rush to state that delightful individuals have better lives. For this situation however, the issue is beautyism as a â€Å"free-pass† one might say, or a route into an occupation position without the best possible capabilities (or notwithstanding the correct capabilities). There has been some proof that individuals who enlist for employment opportunities do give inclination on occasion to individuals who are clearly truly appealing. Specialists have noticed that â€Å"beautiful people† will in general enchant questioners with their looks and make a constructive tone and impression based exclusively off of what they look like. Evaluate the Chair’s conduct from a human asset the board point of view. I feel that if individuals attempt to control everything about a recruiting procedure, including the manner in which individuals look, there will be significantly more separation. At the point when an uncommonly excellent or appealing competitor is talked with, directors may feel pressure not to enlist them only so there are no untruths or strain in the work environment regarding why that individual was recruited. For this situation, however, it isn't even obvious that the Chair settled on a wrong choice. Other division individuals ought to permit the Chair to carry out their responsibility and trust that they have the correct capabilities to meet and pick qualityâ candidates. There are times when applicants are picked without having the entirety of the capabilities of another competitor. There are employment opportunities accessible that indicate that a specific degree is liked however not required. The Chair was said to have â€Å"overlooked† a progressively qualified up-and-comer, however that doesn't nullify the way that this interviewee may have additionally been qualified. A great deal of times a degree or certain capability sets are not by any means the only thing being thought of. An individual who demonstrates that they are capable and ready to finish an occupation with an incredible disposition may win bids for employment quicker than a profoundly qualified individual who might be deficient in different regions. Suggest the activity that the employing advisory group should take to deal with the recruiting choice. The employing council ought to give a valiant effort to fill in as a group and hold down clash inside the working environment. The Chair settled on a recruiting choice and that choice ought to be maintained. Representatives may feel that the Chair is effortlessly influenced and turn out to be more engaged with the recruiting procedure than they are even expected to be. What happens when somebody is met that a laborer just doesn’t like from their outward appearance? Setting off to the seat to attempt to get a recruiting choice toppled ought not be a course taken time and again by workers. I feel that there is as of now enough â€Å"looks-discrimination† in the working environment. At the point when an individual goes into a space to be talked with they are being judged their answers as well as what they look like. Research shows that 74% of questioners settle on employing choices inside the main minutes of a meeting. They judge looks by the person’s appearance, voice tone, handshake, and non-verbal communication. These are for the most part surface characteristics†¦ There is sufficient judgment in interviews, candidates ought not need to be exposed to on-looking, non-included employees’ decisions also. Talk about to what degree and why alluring up-and-comers might be given uncalled for thought during recruiting processes. This question makes me wonder, truly, if individuals would feel much improved if appealing ladies or men were met through a divider or just by means of phone. Individuals come in all sizes and shapes, with various highlights and looks. Alluring individuals can't help what they look like and are frequently not evenâ thinking about their looks when working or at a meeting. In all honesty, a great deal of times appealing individuals might want somewhat less consideration based off looks when the time has come to be proficient. As a rule, others are more snared on the up-and-comers looks than the applicant themselves are. I feel this is a very issue and ideally no progressions will be made to attempt to control this†¦ There is no real way to determine what might start occurring in work environments if bosses attempt to control their thought process how a vocation candidate looks †this doesn't fit into polished methodology. References Recovered from: http://jobs.aol.com/articles/2010/05/18/beautiful young ladies land all-the-positions/. 16 May 2012. ERG Theory. Word reference of human asset the board (2001): 112. EBSCO MegaFILE. Recovered viaWeb. 5 May 2011. Muller, M. (2009): The chiefs manual for HR: recruiting, terminating, and execution assessments. New York, NY: AMACOM

Some advice for new tutors

1) Do not take anything for granted The more I tutor, the less I assume about what any given student can or cannot do. In fact, now assume that my students do *not* possess any given skill until theyve clearly demonstrated to me that theyve mastered it and that includes reading the words that are actually on the page. Harsh? Perhaps, but Ive learned the hard way that students, even high scoring ones, often have unexpected and sometimes very large gaps that need to be addressed as quickly and directly as possible. Heres a brief sampling of things students of mine have not known: -SAT passages have arguments; theyre not just talking about stuff. -Introductions and conclusions contain important information -Discussing an idea is not the same thing as agreeing with that idea; phrases like some people think indicate that an author is introducing an idea they do NOT agree with. -Main ideas usually come before, not after,  specific examples. -The word important is important -A colon can be used to introduce an explanation. -Is, are, and were are all parts of the verb to be. -Singular verbs end in an -s; plural verbs do not. -How to sound out unfamiliar words (thank you whole language!) And the following vocabulary words: permanent (two students in the same week, both native English speakers Im still reeling from that one), surrender, compromise (first meaning), tendency, and chronicle. 2) Take everything your students say in stride Do not *ever* criticize or make fun or them for not knowing as much as you or your other students. You have no idea what they have or havent covered in school, and Ive met some pretty bright kids who were missing some pretty serious basics. Its nice that you could figure things out on your own, but alas, the same does not hold true for everyone else. No matter how surprised you are by something they sincerely dont know (and arent just being lazy about), try not to react. Your students are starting from where theyre starting from, and jumping on them for not knowing what *you* think they should know wont really accomplish anything. Explain what you need to as neutrally as possible (or have them look it up) and move on. A few weeks ago, a friend of mine had her daughter try a session with a tutor shed met by chance at the gym. She didnt know anything about him, but he talked her into a trial session. When he met with her daughter, however, he spent virtually the entire session berating her for not knowing things that all his other students knew, and he made a point of telling her that they were scoring 2200+. Thats nice for his other students, but guess who lost a job? 3) You are there to focus on your student, not yourself Doing well on the SAT and teaching someone else to do well on the SAT are two totally different skills, and what worked for you might or might not work for them. Dont get hung up on your own accomplishments; theyre only relevant insofar as they allow you to help other people achieve their goals. 4) Be precise, but dont over-explain You might be able to recognize all those picky little grammar rules without knowing what anything is called, but your students will most likely need to be taught things directly. Avoid saying things like well†¦ its kinda like this, or youll just know how to recognize it after a while. Theres a fine line between giving someone just enough terminology to be able to understand a concept clearly and giving them so much information that they start to feel overwhelmed. Its your job to know what information is relevant to the test and how to explain the necessary underlying concepts, and which information is superfluous or likely to be confusing. 5) Dont ask students whether they understand, just test them or have them explain it back to you in their own words Kids are not always the most accurate judges of what they know,  and plenty of times theyll just say yes to get you off their back. Go by what they do, not by what they say. 6) Adjust your approach to the students level and needs This might sound very obvious, but different students may have very different sets of needs a student with a weaker background may need things explained slowly and repeatedly, while one with stronger preparation may only need to hear things once. If you treat the former like the latter, theyll end up confused and frustrated; if you treat the latter like the former, theyll get bored and tune out. One of the fabulous things about private tutoring is that you dont have to follow a one-size-fits all approach; youre free to focus on whatever the student needs to focus on. A  student scoring below 600 usually requires a very  different approach than one scoring 730 and aiming for 800. 7) Use College Board or ACT material only This is exceedingly important for Critical Reading: most College Board passages are based on the they say/I say structure; theyre designed to gauge students ability to follow arguments throughout a passage and keep track of various points of view and attitudes. The passages used in most commercial test-prep books do not include this structure (or, if they do, include it in a too-obvious way), and students will not have the opportunity to practice identifying it and employing the many shortcuts that quick recognition of it can create. 8) Be realistic about what you can and cannot accomplish, and dont make guarantees If youve only worked with a relatively homogeneous, well-prepared group of students and have never encountered a student who couldnt sound out methodology or didnt know that to found could be a verb, its easy to overestimate what you can accomplish. Unless youve worked with the  extreme low end (300s), persistent 400/500-range scorers, and/or students who were never properly taught to read, you have no idea how challenging it can be to help some students improve.

Leadership As A Democratic Style Works Best - 2603 Words

The overall conclusion we can draw from research on forms of leadership is that a democratic style works best. Explain and evaluate this claim with reference to social psychological theory and evidence. Leadership can be understood as the process of having an individual member of the highest rank within a group lead its members, or is given the ability to do so. In applied social psychology, leadership can split and tied into occupational and political settings, nonetheless some educational applications of leadership in teachers has likewise been proposed (Karnes D’ilio, 1990). In addition, leadership has also been subdivided into leadership emergence and its effectiveness (Lord et al. 1986). For the purpose of this document leadership†¦show more content†¦Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness neuroticism and openness, or the big five factors of personality model (Costa McCrae, 1992) in a factor analysis have been found to correlate with leadership in individuals significantly (Judge et al., 2002), thus allowing more credibility to leadership trait theory. Consequently, It is accepted that the five factor personality dimensions are the best predictors for effective leaderships that succeed in positive outcomes for the general public or company; this can be interpreted in terms of leadership emergence, effectiveness and promotion (Zaccaro, Kemp Bader, 2004). Within leaderships across countries worldwide in the political context, different directors that may share traits of personality or may fall under the great person theory don’t always manage in similar ways, hence different types of leadership such as the democratic leadership. This document will offer different social psychological research in order to explain how the statement that a democratic form of leadership works best is true. Nevertheless, this document will also state evidence to support that a democratic form of leadership may not always work best, such as when its not required, or when members have low abilities and low administrative qualities or not have one factor from the five factors of personality model (Hollis, 2014). Leadership styles such as revised i n past psychological exploration in the

The Importance Of Education On The Prison System - 851 Words

The Importance of Education in the Prison System Introduction Education has always been one of the keys to an individual’s success. People have access to education in many different setting. The classroom, the workplace, on-line, the YMCA and Hobby Lobby are all places where someone can go to get some form of instruction. More often that not people over look the prison system as place where one can receive an education. Most prisons offer college and vocational classes to the inmates as a way to provide a skill upon the prisoner’s reentry to society. An inmate that is reentering society is less likely to reoffend if they have the means to support themselves and their families. Education is also used to help provide self-worth to incarcerated individuals, some who have nothing else to hold onto if they are serving life sentences. Summary Prison education across Europe: policy, practices, politics discusses the benefits of having a structured education program in place for inmates. It is noted that some prisons only offer training for the employees and in reaction to problems. Other prisons model their education programs after the polices that the Europe Union has in place. These practices are taken from successful models that focus on adult education and lifelong learning. They believe that the whole person should be educated. The article details how the whole person approach is being scaled back due to funding and perception of the prisoner as a person.Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Ellen Condiffe Lagemann’s Article on What Can College Mean? Lessons from the Bard Prison Initiative777 Words   |  4 Pagesquality education has the power to provide, for those who seek it, the opportunity of personal and professional transformation. It can be said that a society which encourages higher education is more l ikely to yield a population of individuals who are civic minded and purposeful as opposed to a society which does not. 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While prison museums, as a result of their bleak and in some cases disturbing subject matter, invert the â€Å"Disney† experience, they proceed to exploit a phenomenon known as dark tourism,† . . . in which people gravitate to sites associated with war, genocide, and other tragic events for purposes of remembrance education, or even entertainment,† (Welch, 1). GeneratedRead MoreRehabilitation of the Felony Offender Essays1468 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2009 nearly three quarters of a million offenders were released from prisons and jails in the United States, and it is estimated that roughly half of them will reoffend within three years of being released and will return to prison (Katel 1005). Most of these individuals, who are non-violent, low-level offenders, have little education, job experience, limited social skills and a drug or alcohol depend ence (May and Pitts 21). That coupled with the fact they have a criminal record, reduces theirRead MoreThere Are Many Social And Health Needs Of Prisoners, Some1332 Words   |  6 Pagestotal population of prison services in the UK was greater than 85,500 people, a quarter of them were serving a sentence that ranged between 1 and 4 years, whilst people on recall and serving a sentence of 1 year or less made up a total of 8% (Parliament. House of Commons, 2017). This has been highlighted as this paper will concentrate on short stay sentences within the prison environment as opposed to determinate or indeterminate sentences which make up the rest of the prison population. The BradleyRead MoreWhy Do People Break the Law in the Book Incarceration and Social Inequality by by Bruce Western and Becky Pettit 646 Words   |  3 Pagesachievement. The growth of incarceration rates of young men with low levels of education is evident among all races. This growth is most evident since the early 1980s. This is about the same time that automation started replacing many jobs. The jobs that were replaced by automation first were the ones that required the least skill and education. The job market where a man could get a decent job with just a high school education or even a high school drop out who is willing to work hard was being replacedRead MoreThe Flat World And Education848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Flat World and Education that we only spend ten thousand dollars a year per student to educate our students, but we would and have spent in some cases thirty thousand to incarcerate them (2010). What if we took that forty thousand dollar combined total and split it up evenly? So that we spend twenty thousand on our students and twenty thousand on those we convict and sentence to incarceration. Because while education of those not in prison is important, I find that education of those who are institutionalized

Armenian Genocide and the Rape of Nanking free essay sample

I believe that one of the best ways to do this is to educate people about these terrible crimes and make sure that we do not forget the things that happened, and all of the people that unnecessarily lost their lives. The Rape of Nanking was a horrible event that took place in 1937 when the Japanese occupied the Chinese province of Manchuria. The Japanese first invaded this province in 1931 and it wasn’t for six more years until they took their next step in their plan of conquest. In early July 1937 the Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in Peking in an incident at the Marco Polo Bridge. The Japanese troops used this to justify launching a full blown attack on the city at the end of the month utilizing massed infantry, tanks and airstrike. With all of this it did not take ling at all for the city and the surrounding area to fall to the Japanese. The first concern of the Japanese soldiers was to eliminate any threat from the 90,000 Chinese soldiers. Although the Japanese were greatly outnumbered with their 50,000 troops they were able to defeat the Chinese with their great amount of infantry and the fact that the Chinese troops were so loosely organized. The Japanese were instructed to inflict as much possible pain on the Chinese soldiers as possible to toughen them up for future battles and get rid of any civilized notions of mercy. There is film footage and photographs taken by the Japanese documenting smiling soldiers conduction bayonet practice on live prisoners, decapitating them with severed heads as souvenirs. Some of the remaining Chinese POW’s were mowed down by machine gun fire, and others were tied-up, soaked with gasoline and burned alive. After the Japanese had completed the destruction of the Chinese soldiers, they turned their attention to the woman of Nanking. Old women over the age of 70 as well as little girls even younger than the age of 8 were dragged off to be sexually abused. As many as 20,000 females, with some estimates as high as 80,000 were gang raped by the Japanese soldiers. They were then stabbed to death with bayonets or shot so that they were unable to bear witness to these terrible crimes. These terrible acts of of citywide burnings, stabbings, drowning, strangulation, rapes, theft, and mass murder continued on for the next 6 weeks. No man, woman, or child was safe at this time and could be shot on a whim at any time. The streets of Nanking were said to have literally run red with blood. After this period of extreme violence the Japanese slightly eased off and settled in for the duration of the war. To pacify the population during the long occupation highly addictive narcotics including opium and heroin were distributed to the people regardless of the age. An estimated 50,000 persons because notorious Comfort Women system was introduced which forced young Chinese women slave –prostitutes, existing solely for the sexual pleasure of the Japanese soldiers. In the course of just six weeks the Japanese soldiers brutally murdered 300,000 out of the 600,000 in the population. This was a horrible event in our world’s history and it is very important that we remember what happened so that it does not happen again. The Armenian genocide was the first genocide to take place in the 20th century. The Armenians were attacked in their homelands of Turkey, by the Turkish people. The Armenians had been targeted in this area for a very long time and had been persecuted by the other religions in this area for many years leading up to this genocide. The genocide began when the forty thousand men serving in the Turkish army had their weapons confiscated and they were put into slave labor battalions building roads, being used as human pack animals. With these brutal work conditions they suffered a very high death rate and those that did survive would soon be shot outright. Next 300 Armenian political leaders, educators, clergy men, and dignitaries were taken from their homes and were briefly jailed and tortured then hung or shot. Then came mass arrests of Armenian men in the country by Turkish soldiers, police and volunteers. The men were tied together in small groups and then taken to the outskirts of town and were shot or bayoneted by death squads. Local Turks often joined in the killing armed with knives and sticks. Next it was the turn of the Armenian women, children, and elderly. On very short notice they were taken from their homes with the understanding that they were being taken to a non-military zone for their own safety. What they were really being taken on however were death marches. Turkish gendarmes escorted individual caravans consisting of thousands of deported Armenians. These guards allowed criminals known as the â€Å"Special Organization† to attack the defenseless people killing anyone that they pleased. They were encouraged to raid the caravans and steal anything they wanted. A very large amount of sexual abuse and rape of girls and young women occurred at the hands of the Special Organization. Most of the attractive young females were kidnapped for a life of involuntary servitude. An estimated 75 percent of the Armenians on these marches died, especially children and the elderly. Those who did survive were thrown off cliffs, burned alive, or drowned in rivers. During this genocide the Turkish countryside became extremely littered with corpses. Leaders advised that the corpses be buried and gotten rid of, but this advice was generally ignored. This left foreigners including German government liaisons, American missionaries, and U. S. diplomats in the country to be chocked and appalled at what was left out for anyone to see. Two million Armenians lost their ability to live in their historic homeland of Turkey from the time of 1915-1918 through forced deportations and massacres. These two genocides both had many similarities. They were both acts of hate against a group of people that had been building for many years leading up to the genocides. They both experienced extreme hate without any reason or viable justification on either the end of the Turkish or the Japanese. Some differences are that the Rape of Nanking took place over a shorter period of time, and with less people in the original population, although it was just as brutal, if not more so than the Armenian genocide. These horrible acts need to be remembered and people need to be educated about the horrible things that have taken place. I believe that it is the only way we can prevent something like this from happening, and it is important that we are aware of what is happening so that there are not any more lives unnecessarily lost. There have been far more t genocides in our worlds history than there ever should have been. We can only take comfort in the fact that hopefully humanity will learn from its mistakes and not allow anything like this to happen again.

Armenian Genocide and the Rape of Nanking free essay sample

I believe that one of the best ways to do this is to educate people about these terrible crimes and make sure that we do not forget the things that happened, and all of the people that unnecessarily lost their lives. The Rape of Nanking was a horrible event that took place in 1937 when the Japanese occupied the Chinese province of Manchuria. The Japanese first invaded this province in 1931 and it wasn’t for six more years until they took their next step in their plan of conquest. In early July 1937 the Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in Peking in an incident at the Marco Polo Bridge. The Japanese troops used this to justify launching a full blown attack on the city at the end of the month utilizing massed infantry, tanks and airstrike. With all of this it did not take ling at all for the city and the surrounding area to fall to the Japanese. The first concern of the Japanese soldiers was to eliminate any threat from the 90,000 Chinese soldiers. Although the Japanese were greatly outnumbered with their 50,000 troops they were able to defeat the Chinese with their great amount of infantry and the fact that the Chinese troops were so loosely organized. The Japanese were instructed to inflict as much possible pain on the Chinese soldiers as possible to toughen them up for future battles and get rid of any civilized notions of mercy. There is film footage and photographs taken by the Japanese documenting smiling soldiers conduction bayonet practice on live prisoners, decapitating them with severed heads as souvenirs. Some of the remaining Chinese POW’s were mowed down by machine gun fire, and others were tied-up, soaked with gasoline and burned alive. After the Japanese had completed the destruction of the Chinese soldiers, they turned their attention to the woman of Nanking. Old women over the age of 70 as well as little girls even younger than the age of 8 were dragged off to be sexually abused. As many as 20,000 females, with some estimates as high as 80,000 were gang raped by the Japanese soldiers. They were then stabbed to death with bayonets or shot so that they were unable to bear witness to these terrible crimes. These terrible acts of of citywide burnings, stabbings, drowning, strangulation, rapes, theft, and mass murder continued on for the next 6 weeks. No man, woman, or child was safe at this time and could be shot on a whim at any time. The streets of Nanking were said to have literally run red with blood. After this period of extreme violence the Japanese slightly eased off and settled in for the duration of the war. To pacify the population during the long occupation highly addictive narcotics including opium and heroin were distributed to the people regardless of the age. An estimated 50,000 persons because notorious Comfort Women system was introduced which forced young Chinese women slave –prostitutes, existing solely for the sexual pleasure of the Japanese soldiers. In the course of just six weeks the Japanese soldiers brutally murdered 300,000 out of the 600,000 in the population. This was a horrible event in our world’s history and it is very important that we remember what happened so that it does not happen again. The Armenian genocide was the first genocide to take place in the 20th century. The Armenians were attacked in their homelands of Turkey, by the Turkish people. The Armenians had been targeted in this area for a very long time and had been persecuted by the other religions in this area for many years leading up to this genocide. The genocide began when the forty thousand men serving in the Turkish army had their weapons confiscated and they were put into slave labor battalions building roads, being used as human pack animals. With these brutal work conditions they suffered a very high death rate and those that did survive would soon be shot outright. Next 300 Armenian political leaders, educators, clergy men, and dignitaries were taken from their homes and were briefly jailed and tortured then hung or shot. Then came mass arrests of Armenian men in the country by Turkish soldiers, police and volunteers. The men were tied together in small groups and then taken to the outskirts of town and were shot or bayoneted by death squads. Local Turks often joined in the killing armed with knives and sticks. Next it was the turn of the Armenian women, children, and elderly. On very short notice they were taken from their homes with the understanding that they were being taken to a non-military zone for their own safety. What they were really being taken on however were death marches. Turkish gendarmes escorted individual caravans consisting of thousands of deported Armenians. These guards allowed criminals known as the â€Å"Special Organization† to attack the defenseless people killing anyone that they pleased. They were encouraged to raid the caravans and steal anything they wanted. A very large amount of sexual abuse and rape of girls and young women occurred at the hands of the Special Organization. Most of the attractive young females were kidnapped for a life of involuntary servitude. An estimated 75 percent of the Armenians on these marches died, especially children and the elderly. Those who did survive were thrown off cliffs, burned alive, or drowned in rivers. During this genocide the Turkish countryside became extremely littered with corpses. Leaders advised that the corpses be buried and gotten rid of, but this advice was generally ignored. This left foreigners including German government liaisons, American missionaries, and U. S. diplomats in the country to be chocked and appalled at what was left out for anyone to see. Two million Armenians lost their ability to live in their historic homeland of Turkey from the time of 1915-1918 through forced deportations and massacres. These two genocides both had many similarities. They were both acts of hate against a group of people that had been building for many years leading up to the genocides. They both experienced extreme hate without any reason or viable justification on either the end of the Turkish or the Japanese. Some differences are that the Rape of Nanking took place over a shorter period of time, and with less people in the original population, although it was just as brutal, if not more so than the Armenian genocide. These horrible acts need to be remembered and people need to be educated about the horrible things that have taken place. I believe that it is the only way we can prevent something like this from happening, and it is important that we are aware of what is happening so that there are not any more lives unnecessarily lost. There have been far more t genocides in our worlds history than there ever should have been. We can only take comfort in the fact that hopefully humanity will learn from its mistakes and not allow anything like this to happen again.

Armenian Genocide and the Rape of Nanking free essay sample

I believe that one of the best ways to do this is to educate people about these terrible crimes and make sure that we do not forget the things that happened, and all of the people that unnecessarily lost their lives. The Rape of Nanking was a horrible event that took place in 1937 when the Japanese occupied the Chinese province of Manchuria. The Japanese first invaded this province in 1931 and it wasn’t for six more years until they took their next step in their plan of conquest. In early July 1937 the Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in Peking in an incident at the Marco Polo Bridge. The Japanese troops used this to justify launching a full blown attack on the city at the end of the month utilizing massed infantry, tanks and airstrike. With all of this it did not take ling at all for the city and the surrounding area to fall to the Japanese. The first concern of the Japanese soldiers was to eliminate any threat from the 90,000 Chinese soldiers. Although the Japanese were greatly outnumbered with their 50,000 troops they were able to defeat the Chinese with their great amount of infantry and the fact that the Chinese troops were so loosely organized. The Japanese were instructed to inflict as much possible pain on the Chinese soldiers as possible to toughen them up for future battles and get rid of any civilized notions of mercy. There is film footage and photographs taken by the Japanese documenting smiling soldiers conduction bayonet practice on live prisoners, decapitating them with severed heads as souvenirs. Some of the remaining Chinese POW’s were mowed down by machine gun fire, and others were tied-up, soaked with gasoline and burned alive. After the Japanese had completed the destruction of the Chinese soldiers, they turned their attention to the woman of Nanking. Old women over the age of 70 as well as little girls even younger than the age of 8 were dragged off to be sexually abused. As many as 20,000 females, with some estimates as high as 80,000 were gang raped by the Japanese soldiers. They were then stabbed to death with bayonets or shot so that they were unable to bear witness to these terrible crimes. These terrible acts of of citywide burnings, stabbings, drowning, strangulation, rapes, theft, and mass murder continued on for the next 6 weeks. No man, woman, or child was safe at this time and could be shot on a whim at any time. The streets of Nanking were said to have literally run red with blood. After this period of extreme violence the Japanese slightly eased off and settled in for the duration of the war. To pacify the population during the long occupation highly addictive narcotics including opium and heroin were distributed to the people regardless of the age. An estimated 50,000 persons because notorious Comfort Women system was introduced which forced young Chinese women slave –prostitutes, existing solely for the sexual pleasure of the Japanese soldiers. In the course of just six weeks the Japanese soldiers brutally murdered 300,000 out of the 600,000 in the population. This was a horrible event in our world’s history and it is very important that we remember what happened so that it does not happen again. The Armenian genocide was the first genocide to take place in the 20th century. The Armenians were attacked in their homelands of Turkey, by the Turkish people. The Armenians had been targeted in this area for a very long time and had been persecuted by the other religions in this area for many years leading up to this genocide. The genocide began when the forty thousand men serving in the Turkish army had their weapons confiscated and they were put into slave labor battalions building roads, being used as human pack animals. With these brutal work conditions they suffered a very high death rate and those that did survive would soon be shot outright. Next 300 Armenian political leaders, educators, clergy men, and dignitaries were taken from their homes and were briefly jailed and tortured then hung or shot. Then came mass arrests of Armenian men in the country by Turkish soldiers, police and volunteers. The men were tied together in small groups and then taken to the outskirts of town and were shot or bayoneted by death squads. Local Turks often joined in the killing armed with knives and sticks. Next it was the turn of the Armenian women, children, and elderly. On very short notice they were taken from their homes with the understanding that they were being taken to a non-military zone for their own safety. What they were really being taken on however were death marches. Turkish gendarmes escorted individual caravans consisting of thousands of deported Armenians. These guards allowed criminals known as the â€Å"Special Organization† to attack the defenseless people killing anyone that they pleased. They were encouraged to raid the caravans and steal anything they wanted. A very large amount of sexual abuse and rape of girls and young women occurred at the hands of the Special Organization. Most of the attractive young females were kidnapped for a life of involuntary servitude. An estimated 75 percent of the Armenians on these marches died, especially children and the elderly. Those who did survive were thrown off cliffs, burned alive, or drowned in rivers. During this genocide the Turkish countryside became extremely littered with corpses. Leaders advised that the corpses be buried and gotten rid of, but this advice was generally ignored. This left foreigners including German government liaisons, American missionaries, and U. S. diplomats in the country to be chocked and appalled at what was left out for anyone to see. Two million Armenians lost their ability to live in their historic homeland of Turkey from the time of 1915-1918 through forced deportations and massacres. These two genocides both had many similarities. They were both acts of hate against a group of people that had been building for many years leading up to the genocides. They both experienced extreme hate without any reason or viable justification on either the end of the Turkish or the Japanese. Some differences are that the Rape of Nanking took place over a shorter period of time, and with less people in the original population, although it was just as brutal, if not more so than the Armenian genocide. These horrible acts need to be remembered and people need to be educated about the horrible things that have taken place. I believe that it is the only way we can prevent something like this from happening, and it is important that we are aware of what is happening so that there are not any more lives unnecessarily lost. There have been far more t genocides in our worlds history than there ever should have been. We can only take comfort in the fact that hopefully humanity will learn from its mistakes and not allow anything like this to happen again.

The Red Badge Of Courage Essays - The Red Badge Of Courage

The Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage is now universally recognized as a masterpiece, although when it first appeared in book form in 1896 (two months later in England than in the United States) it provoked mixed reactions. The English critics, in fact, brought it to the attention of the American public, which had generally ignored it. Those early readers who approved saw in it a "true and complete picture of war," a book which "thrusts aside romantic machinery" in favor of dramatic action and photographic revelation. Its critics attacked it for what they considered its utter lack of literary form - its "absurd similes," "bad grammar," and "violent straining after effect." Edward Garnett, however, praised its "perfect mastery of form," and Conrad, who had known Crane, said in 1926 that The Red Badge of Courage was a "spontaneous piece of work which seems to spurt and flow like a tapped stream from the depths of the writer's being," and he found it "virile and full of gentle sympathy! " while it was happily marred by no "declamatory sentiments." Throughout the first four decades of the century the book was variously praised and condemned for its naturalism or "animalism," its realism and its extraordinary style. V. S. Pritchett, writing in 1946, may be said to represent the prevailing opinion when he declares that Crane's "verisimilitude," his grasp of "human feelings," and his "dramatic scenes and portraits" give The Red Badge of Courage a place in the literature of war. It is only in the forties that serious literary analysis of the book begins. It had of course long been recognized that novels such as Zola's La Debacle and Tolstoy's Sevastopol and War and Peace had had some influence on Crane, and that he had made use of Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (which had first appeared serially in the Century Magazine) as well as accounts of particular campaigns; his brother William, for one thing, was an expert on the strategy of the Battle of Chancellorsville, and there are many parallels with this battle to be found in The Red Badge. But scholars like Pratt, Webster, Osborn, and Stallman began to call attention to the possible role played by less significant factors, like Crane's personal acquaintance with General Van Petten, an instructor at Claverack College, who might have provided him with a first-hand account of the Battle of Antietam. Crane may also have derived some less important conceptions from Civil War potboilers like Hinman's C! orporal Si Klegg or Kirkland's The Captain of Company K. Although Crane himself acknowledged an early influence by Kipling's novels, it was S. C. Osborn who pointed out that the famous "red wafer" image at the close of Chapter 9 probably had its source in Kipling's The Light That Failed, and who thereby inaugurated a discussion (maintained chiefly by R. W. Stallman) about the meaning of this image. The "wafer" may be a wax sealing wafer or it may be, as Stallman suggests, an allusion to the Christian communion wafer, but it lies at the center of the controversy concerning the alleged Christian symbolism of the novel. Discussions of the structure and total meaning of the novel date from about 1950. John Schroeder believes that Crane has not achieved a successful accommodation of antithetical elements: "War as man- made blasphemy" is not "distinguishable from nature's pattern of serene wisdom"; and he feels that the "putting off of the Old Man [by the youth] . . . is largely a matter of accident." R. W. Stallman, on the other hand, asserts that a consistent, meaningful pattern unifies the story. The Red Badge "is about the self - combat of a youth who fears and stubbornly resists change and spiritual growth. . . . Henry's regeneration is brought about by the death of Jim Conklin." Psychological and mythic criticism of a book whose action centers mainly about a "wound" was perhaps inevitable, and Maxwell Geismar (1953) explains that "Fleming's shame at his psychic wound . . . led him to yearn for the physical wound." The basic pattern of the narrative conforms to that of "acceptance after a t! rial by ordeal." Geismar further sees this as all a reflection of

How Belief Systems Effect Politics Essays - IslamicJewish Relations

How Belief Systems Effect Politics Essays - IslamicJewish Relations How Belief Systems Effect Politics The belief systems of the modern world have helped determine the policies and politics of nations around the world. For centuries before, and almost definitely for decades after now, there will be disputed between people and countries on account of their faith. Religions have started wars, ended them, impacted, and persuaded people. Needless to say, beliefs are very influential on the world today. People of different faiths dont only fight over their basic beliefs and land but they end conflicts. Making amends between religious groups greatly helps relieve the constant strain of division that we are all too aware of these days. The Lutheran religion began 482 years ago when monk, Martin Luther, attacked the practices of the Catholic Church. These who followed his ideas eventually into what we call Lutherans today. For those 482 years, Lutherans and Catholics have stayed divided on uneasy terms. Now the leaders of the modern Lutheran and Catholic churches both signed a document that laid to rest those many years of differences under the explanation that it was all a misunderstanding. Sometimes different faiths just dont seem like they want to even try to compromise on a conflict. The Jordanian Muslims and the Israeli Jews fighting over which side of the Jordan River Jesus was baptized on is a perfect example of this. The Muslims have invested over one million dollars t fix up the site. The site will bring in expectantly millions of tourists and with them billions of dollars that will be spent locally to boost the economy. Looking past the irony of the Jews and Muslims disputing over a Christian site, the focal point of the quarreling is that such a site will bring. The Pope and Prince Charles have already scheduled a visit, but as of now, no resolve has come about. These days its not always conflicts between two specific regions, but between regions occupied by faiths who disagree on certain topics. The two groups being the Israelis and the Palestinians, and the compromise on the rift in the settler movement conflict arising in those countries. To the Jews the West Bank is part of the greater Land of Israel, given by God to the Jews. To cement their control over the land, the Jews built forty-two hilltop encampments on the West Bank. They did this to prevent it from becoming a Palestinian state. The Palestinian government claimed that some of the outposts didnt have the necessary building papers and twelve of those sites were dismantled. This disagreement is, for the time being, settled peacefully despite the denounced accord from the Palestinians. In the future more outposts are likely to be taken down. Whatever the rhyme or reason, religions and belief systems have tremendous effects on the way things work in this world. Hopefully nations are learning from their past mistakes what not to do if such an occasion arise again. Whether the Lutherans and Catholics are putting years of disagreement behind them, the Jews and Muslims are settling their dispute, or Jewish outposts are being taken down, we are moving forward into a new and brighter future, and gaining information as we go along. Maybe in the future, more of the religious spats will be settled as the Lutheran/Catholic dispute was...peacefully.

The Worlds Biggest Criminal (Osama bin Laden) Essay

The Worlds Biggest Criminal (Osama bin Laden) - Essay Example The reason why Osama bin Laden was hailed as an international criminal and terrorist was because he had been involved in setting up the banned outfits Al-Qaeda and the attached wing Taliban. What these groups brought to the fore was massive killing of people all around the globe (Searcey 2011). Their number one priority was to make sure that the so-called Muslim preaching was made significant yet they conducted their own attacks, all in the name of the religion of Islam. Osama bin Laden, along with his close aides was able to gather a great amount of hate all over the world for these activities. I am of the view that once Osama bin Laden was caught, he should not have been killed since he was unarmed. As he has slaughtered thousands of people worldwide, it would have been better had he been captured alive. If this was done, the number one criminal would have been taken to the United States where criminal proceedings shall have been held. But this was not to be, and Osama bin Laden wa s killed which essentially closed the chapter once and for all. Since he was required by the US government dead or alive, the US Navy SEALs only found it appropriate to kill him and then take his body forward. I do not think this served the purpose since his death did not teach people a lesson as his capturing alive would have. His conviction would have sent a totally unique message to all the criminals and terrorists all over the globe.

How are game console interfaces assisting in creating an immersive Essay

How are game console interfaces assisting in creating an immersive gaming experience - Essay Example Games consoles are typically thought Ð ¾f as units that operate through a television or some other large, external screen or monitor. These units require an external power supply, thus severely limiting their portability. The games themselves are mounted on media that is inserted into the unit, such as a CD, DVD or cartridge, or in media such as a cassette, readable through a tape player. The console has a keyboard, sockets for joysticks or other games controllers, or both. Experimentation with current games console technology suggests that the PC is still, despite the considerable price disadvantage, a more realistic and usable device for serious, Network-based research. However, for beginners to the Internet who require only basic facilities, a games console with network access may prove a more fiscally viable option. As Ð ¾f September 2000, the one games console Ð ¾ffering online access possesses significant limitations in terms Ð ¾f browser functionality, and Ð ¾ffers no facilities for downloading files or data. While the computer gaming community is more interested in the speed and playability aspects Ð ¾f online gaming, it is the data and application storage and manipulation functionality Ð ¾f consoles that will need to be addressed, as well as data transfer capabilities, if such devices are to become a serious electronic library accessing option for the academic and research communities. Furthermore, the PC, with the Apple Macintosh a distant second, has a firm hold within the library, educational and other sectors as the system Ð ¾f preference for accessing the Internet. This is due to a combination Ð ¾f familiarity, longevity, educational sales discounts leading to PC prices being substantially cheaper than if bought by members Ð ¾f the public, and the absense Ð ¾f an alternative.

Linguistics and Language Essay Example for Free

Linguistics and Language Essay Language Comprehension †¢Language Production †¢Language Acquisition Psycholinguistics is a branch of cognitive science What will be covered in this class? †¢ How do we produce and recognize speech? †¢ How do we perceive words, letters, and sentences? †¢ How do we learn and recall information from texts? †¢ How can we improve texts to make them easier to understand? †¢ How does the brain function to process language? †¢ What are the causes and effects of reading disabilities? Is there language in other species? Central themes in psycholinguistics 1)  What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? Tacit (implicit) knowledge vs. Explicit knowledge †¢ tacit: knowledge of how to perform something, but not aware of full rules †¢ explicit: knowledge of the processes of mechanisms in performing that thing 2)  What cognitive processes are involved in the ordinary use of language? How do we understand a lecture, read a book, hold a conversation? Cognitive processes: perception, memory, thinking, learning Some definitions of basic components of language: Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences Syntax: The grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence or phrase Phonology: The sound pattern of language Pragmatics: How language is used in a social context Examples from psycholinguistics Parsing garden path sentences The novice accepted the deal before he had a chance to check his finances, which put him in a state of conflict when he realized he had a straight flush. 1) The defendant examined by the lawyer turned out to be unreliable 2) The evidence examined by the lawyer turned out to be unreliable The process of parsing is the process of making decisions The effect of prior knowledge on comprehension The procedure is actually quite simple. First you arrange things into different groups. Of course, one pile may be sufficient depending on how much there is to do. If you have to go somewhere else due to lack of facilities, that is the next step; otherwise you are pretty well set. It is important not to overdo things. That is, it is better to do too few things at once than too many. In the short run this may not seem important, but complications can easily arise. A mistake can be expensive as well. At first the whole procedure will seem complicated. Soon, however, it will become just another facet of life. It is difficult to foresee any end to the necessity for this task in the immediate future, but then one never can tell. After the procedure is completed, one arranges the materials into different groups again. Then they can be put into their appropriate places. Eventually they will be used once more, and the whole cycle will then have to be repeated. However, that is part of life. Bransford amp; Johnson, 1973 Recall: No context: 2. 8 idea units out of a maximum of 18 Context afterwards: 2. 7 idea units Context before: 5. 8 idea units Child language development How many words do you know? Hint: Dictionary has about: 450,000 entries Test high school graduates: How many words do they know? About 45,000 english words About 60,000 including names and foreign words The average six year old knows about 13,000 words. Learning about 10 words per day since age 1. (One every 90 minutes) How much do we have to teach children to learn language? Do you have to teach a child to walk? Is it the same way of learning a language? My teacher holded the baby rabbits and we patted them I eated my dinner A brief history of psycholinguistics Wilhem Wundt (early 1900s) Interest in mental processes of language production Sentence as the primary unit of language †¢ Speech production is the transformation of complete thought processes into sequentially organized speech segments. Behaviorism (1920s-1950s) †¢ Rejected the focus on mental processes †¢ Measurement based on objective behavior (primarily in lab animals) †¢ How does experience (reward and punishment) shape behavior? B. F. Skinner: Children learn language through shaping (correction of speech errors) Associative chain theory: A sentence consists of a chain of associations between individual words in the sentence What’s wrong with the behaviorist approach? Noam Chomsky (1950s present) 1) Colorless green ideas sleep furiously 2) Furiously sleep ideas green colorless. 3)  George picked up the baby 4)  George picked the baby up. Almost every sentence uttered is a new combination of words The Poverty of stimulus argument: There is not enough information in the language samples given to children to account for the richnes and complexity of children’s language The pattern of development is not based on parental speech but on  innate  language knowledge Linguistic Diversity vs. Linguistic Universals Linguistic diversity There appears to be a lot of diversity among languages Even within languages there is diversity When are two languages different? We speak the same language if we can understand each other Exceptions: Norwegian and Swedish Cantonese and Mandarin Dialects within languages: The myth of pure language How/why do languages change? Why does there seem to be a correct English? Members of the dominant (most powerful) sub-culture tend to speak one dialect and may punish those who do not Linguistic Chauvinism Belief that one’s own language/dialect is the best of all possible languages Black English Vernacular (BEV) Study by William Labov Interviewed African-American street youth You know, like some people say if you’re good an’ sh*t, your spirit goin’ t’heaven . . . ‘n if you bad, your spirit goin’ to hell. Well, bullsh*t! Your spirit goin’ to hell anyway, good or bad. [Why? ] Why? I’ll tell you why. ‘Cause, you see, doesn’ nobody really know that it’s a God, y’know, ‘cause I mean I have seen black gods, white gods, all color gods, and don’t nobody know it’s really a God. An’ when they be sayin’ if you good, you goin’ t’heaven, tha’s bullsh*t, ‘cause you ain’t goin’ to no heaven, ‘cause it ain’t no heaven for you to go to. †¢ Place holders: There vs. It in the copula Copula: Is, Was optional †¢ Negatives: You ain’t goin’ to no heaven BEV just as linguistically complex as Standard American English We don’t see/understand the complexity in other languages Moral: All languages seem to permit as wide range of expressions as others Linguistic Universals What is in common with all languages? Sentences are built from words based on the same physiological processes †¢ All languages have words †¢ All humans have ways of making sounds. †¢ Languages tend to use a small set of phonemic sounds †¢ Phoneme: The minimal unit of sound that contributes to meaning How many phonemes in a language? English: 40 phonemes †¢ Range: Polynesian 11 to Khoisan 141 Discreteness Messages in human language (e. g. speech sounds) are made up of units of which there is a discrete (limited) number Arbitrariness The relationship between meaningful elements in language and their denotation is independent of any physical resemblance between the two. Words do not have to look or sound like what they describe Openness †¢ New linguistic messages are created freely and easily †¢ Languages are not constrained in a way so that there are a limited number of messages that can be created.

Kants Moral Principles Essay -- Kant Immanuel Philosophy Morals Essay

Kant's Moral Principles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals, the author, Immanuel Kant, tries to form a base by rejecting all ethical theories that are connected to consequences, and then focusing on our ethical motivations and actions. Kant wants to derive good characters out of contingently right actions. He believes that everything is contingent (everything can have good or bad worth, depending on how it is used). So he is trying to find the supreme principal of morality in all his reasoning. Kant also believes that an action is right or wrong based solely on the reason by which it was performed. However, a Utilitarian, like John Mill, would reject Kant’s reasoning of originating good characters out of actions alone, and instead argue that if an action has bad consequences, then the action was morally wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kant believes that an action has moral worth only if it is done out of respect for our moral code. He names this moral action a ‘duty.’ Kant also believes that in determining the moral worth of an action, we need to look at the maxim by which it was performed. So, we need to look at one’s reason for doing an action to determine if it is a duty. If the reason for performing the action is justified, then the action is a duty. However, Kant says there are two different types of reasons for performing an action. Kant calls these reasons ‘imperatives.’ The first reason for performing an action, the hypothetical imperative, is based on consequences and on our personal preferences. They are also contingent, meaning that they can be good or bad depending on how they are used. People choose to perform a given action because of the hypothetical imperative. The second reason for performing an action according to Kant is called the categorical imperative. These are not based on our preferences, don’t deal with consequences of an action, and are derived a priori. They are completely separate from hypothetical imperatives. We all have knowledge of categorical imperatives before experiencing them first. They are kind of a second nature for us, which needs to be recognized according to Kant. These are the most important reason for performing an action. These imperatives also have the characteristics that Kant needs in order to make his point that all of our moral principals are categ orical, have absolute authority, and are independent o... ...t hope to predict the outcome of any given situation. It is impossible; there is no such thing as seeing the future. So by making a false promise to your friend, you have still done the morally wrong action, even though it will most likely save them some suffering. It did indeed take away their choices, so they can’t act in a way they want to act (going to class). I happen to agree with Kant’s idea here. I think that no matter what the consequences are, performing the right action is always the right thing to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall I think that Kant has better arguments because they are directed at the individual, not at society in whole. I also agree that the moral worth of actions is determined by the motivating principal of the action, not by the consequences, like John Mill. So I am a deontologist, for the most part. However, I also agree with some of the things that Mill has to say. So is there a way that we can combine the ideas of Mill and Kant together in order to form a perfect society in which everybody is happy? I don’t know the answer to this question, but we should all strive to do so, and we should start by respecting each other’s autonomy and treating others as ends.

“Still Life in Landscape” by Sharon Olds

Drunk driving is a known problem throughout the world, there are many accidents and deaths that occur each day because of stupidity and ignorance. In many cases families are torn apart and left heartbroken for the rest of their lives because of drunk driving. Drunk driving is the number one major cause of accidents and deaths on the road. Carelessness is responsible for drunk driving, and can be easily avoided, it can deal a great amount of pain and suffering and change the lives of many.The poem sets up a true meaning of what reality really is and can be seen and interpreted through the different perspectives by the child, reader and audience. The child in the poem in â€Å"Still Life in Landscape† by Sharon Olds interprets the poem as being reality and see’s for herself the dangers that exist. The child’s description of what she sees send a strong image to the reader that reality does exist and these things happen everyday.The gruesome imagery in this poem is u sed to make a strong statement about reality. All these examples can be explored even further. The author in â€Å"Still in Landscape† uses some very descriptive gruesome imagery to describe the scene of the car crash. The imagery that is used in this poem is intended to make a very strong impact on how reality is really displayed and what really goes on in the world. The author narrates the poem through the eyes of the child and describes what the child sees and feels. A woman was lying on the highway, on her back, with her head curled back and tucked under her shoulders so the back of her head touched her spine between her shoulder-blades, her clothes mostly accidented off, and her leg gone, a long bone sticking out of the stub of her thigh, my mother grabbed my head and turned it and clamped it into her chest, between her breasts†(Lines 3-13). The child is seeing reality at first hand and her mother can only grab her head and turn it clamped into her chest.The mother is not really protecting her child by just holding her but representing the endless number of bystanders in the world that do nothing about people that create and cause these tragedies. Throughout the poem in â€Å"Still Life in Landscape† the child is experiencing a true feeling of what reality really is. She sees the horrible scene of the crash site with the woman lying on her back with the back of her head touching her spine. â€Å"A woman was lying on the highway, on her back, with her head curled back and tucked under her shoulders so the back of her head touched her spine†(Lines 3-5).This description of what the child sees at the crash site makes you shiver and makes you feel query and makes you realize that this is really what goes on in the world. The consequences to drunk driving can be unforgettable when the outcome comes out to be death or pain to another family. Tragedy is happening all around us. We do not always see it. The cars do not always collide, bu t people still drive drunk. This problem will continue to grow, and people will continue to suffer. This is what reality is really about. But is there anyway to prevent situations like this?Will it ever stop? That is what the poem is addressing. Reality is that people die, all the time, due to stupidity and ignorance. Society usually believes only what it really wants to believe, it wants to ignore reality and live a healthy life without any circumstances, but that’s not how it is. If People witness or experience actual events of disaster or trauma only then do they really experience true reality. Carelessness can have a great impact on society or on an individual whether it showing up in drunk driving or any other problem related to reality.Works Cited Sharon Olds, The Upswept Room (2003) NY: Alfred A. Knopf, p. 23.

3 pasos para renovar sin entrevista la visa de turista

La renovacià ³n de la visa de turista para Estados Unidos puede hacerse siguiendo un trà ¡mite rà ¡pido y sencillo siempre que se realice dentro de plazo. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quià ©nes no necesitan la visa de turista y por lo tanto no precisan renovarla. Tambià ©n cuà ¡ndo se tiene que renovar, si se tiene una, cà ³mo es el proceso, quà © 3 decisiones puede tomar el oficial consular y quà © no se debe hacer porque pone en peligro la visa y/o su renovacià ³n. Con esta informacià ³n serà ¡ fà ¡cil obtener la renovacià ³n del visado. Quià ©nes no necesitan una visa de turista para ingresar a Estados Unidos Es importante saber que las personas extranjeras que desean viajara a Estados Unidos como turistas o para recibir tratamiento mà ©dico necesitan de una visa B2 o la combinacià ³n de una B1/B2 de turista/negocios, si bien existen importantes excepciones: Mexicanos y extranjeros residentes en Mà ©xico que viven junto a la frontera pueden solicitar una tarjeta de cruce, tambià ©n conocida como visa là ¡ser. Pero sà ³lo sirve para un tiempo mà ¡s limitado que la visa de turista y tambià ©n està ¡ restringida a ingresos terrestres y no permite adentrarse ilimitadamente en territorio de los Estados Unidos.CanadiensesCiudadanos de 38 paà ­ses parte del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas.   Entre esos 38 paà ­ses se encuentran, entre otros, Espaà ±a, Chile, Italia y Portugal, lo cual puede ser de interà ©s para muchos latinoamericanos que cuentan con doble nacionalidad, siendo una de ellas la de un paà ­s incluido ese ese Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas. Cuà ¡ndo es necesario renovar la visa de turista Si ya se tiene una visa de turista, conocida en algunos paà ­ses como de paseo o de placer, à ©sta tiene una vigencia limitada. Puede dejar de ser và ¡lida porque se aprueba por un nà ºmero limitado de ingresos y estos ya se han agotado o porque ya ha llegado su fecha de expiracià ³n (tambià ©n conocida como de vencimiento). En cualquiera de estos casos es necesario renovar la visa si se quiere viajar de nuevo a los Estados Unidos. El proceso es muy similar a los de peticià ³n por primera vez, pero con dos importantes novedades: el porcentaje de aprobacià ³n es mucho mà ¡s alto en las renovacionesen  algunos  casos no es necesaria la entrevista en el consulado. Estas circunstancias se han endurecido desde que el presidente Donald Trump entrà ³ en la Casa Blanca. 3 trà ¡mites para la renovacià ³n de la visa de turista americana Deben seguirse los siguientes pasos: En primer lugar, completar en là ­nea el documento DS-160.  La opcià ³n que aplica es la de visa renewal. Aunque el formulario està ¡ en inglà ©s, es posible ver una traduccià ³n al espaà ±ol colocando el cursor encima del texto que se quiere traducir. En segundo lugar, pagar la cuota correspondiente. El procedimiento de pago tiene variaciones de paà ­s a paà ­s por lo que se debe seguir las instrucciones del DS-160. Esta tarifa nunca se regresa, aunque la visa no sea aprobada. En tercer lugar, si es necesario cerrar una cita para la entrevista en la oficina consular, seguir el procedimiento. Si no es obligatorio, proceder a entregar la documentacià ³n como se seà ±ala en el formulario de internet.   Casos de exencià ³n de la entrevista para renovar la visa de turista americana La entrevista en el consulado o embajada es uno de los trà ¡mites que mà ¡s disgusta a los solicitantes de las visas de turista. Una de las razones es porque la necesidad de presentarse en el edificio consular obliga a dedicar buena parte de una maà ±ana a ese trà ¡mite o incluso mà ¡s, si hay que desplazarse a otra ciudad. Pero ademà ¡s, hay el factor subjetivo de los nervios. No todas las persona se ponen nerviosas, pero muchas sà ­, por no saber quà © le van a preguntar, por temor a dar una respuesta equivocada, etc. Por todo ello, la posibilidad de no tener que acudir a la entrevista es festejado por muchos solicitantes de la renovacià ³n de la visa. El  Programa de Exencià ³n de la Entrevista, conocido por sus siglas en inglà ©s de  IWP, que establecià ³ paulatinamente el gobierno del presidente Barack Obama permità ­a muchos casos de renovacià ³n sin necesidad de entrevista. Sin embargo, el  Ã‚  Donald Trump ha anulado esa waiver en muchos casos. Actualmente, estos son los lineamientos para no tener que presentarse a la entrevista durante la tramitacià ³n de la visa de turista americana: Nià ±os de 6 aà ±os o menoresPersonas mayores de 80 aà ±osPersonas cuya visa de turista haya expirado hace menos de 12 meses y que nunca hayan tenido problemas en las aduanas de EE.UU., nunca hayan sido detenidas y a las que nunca se les haya negado o anulado una visa americana. En todos los casos, las embajadas y consulados de Estados Unidos pueden decidir unilateralmente que un solicitante debe presentarse a la entrevista aà ºn cuando entre dentro de las excepciones que en teorà ­a permitirà ­an no tener que cumplir con ese propà ³sito. Quà © puede suceder durante el proceso de  renovacià ³n de la visa El oficial consular puede decidir: aprobar la visadeclarar un procedimiento administrativo, es decir, ni aprobacià ³n ni negacià ³nNegar la visa. ​ Las posibilidades de que esto suceda son pequeà ±as, ya que en los casos de renovacià ³n se produce menos de un dos por ciento de rechazo de entre todas las solicitudes. Pero sà ­ que es una posibilidad real. No obstante, es mucho menor a lo que sucede cuando se solicita por primera vez, donde el rechazo en general supera el 20 por ciento de las peticiones, si bien hay grandes diferencias segà ºn el consulado. Las causas por las que se produce un rechazo caen bà ¡sicamente dentro de dos grandes categorà ­as, causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible para la visa de turista y las que la convierten en inadmisible para ingresar a los Estados Unidos.   Si el problema se origina por una de estas à ºltimas causas, es aconsejable asesorarse con un abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista en waivers para analizar si es conveniente solicitar uno. A esto tambià ©n se le conoce como perdones o permisos. Quà © puede poner en peligro conservar la visa de turista Para evitar problemas muy desagradables e incluso sufrir la cancelacià ³n de la visa es conveniente saber la respuesta correcta a estas dos preguntas:  ¿es conveniente quedarse en EEUU el mà ¡ximo tiempo permitido? En este punto es de extrema importancia conocer las consecuencias, ya que desde el punto de vista migratorio son graves. Ademà ¡s, es importante saber  con quà © frecuencia se puede regresar  a Estados Unidos como turista ya que la mayorà ­a de los viajeros no son conscientes de que el ingreso a EE.UU. les puede ser negado por un oficial migratorio aunque, en teorà ­a, està ¡n movià ©ndose dentro de los parà ¡metros que marca la ley. Para mayor informacià ³n sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la visa, se recomienda tomar este  este quiz, trivial o test sobre visas. Este artà ­culo tiene una finalidad informativa. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso en particular.